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The second immanant of some combinatorial matrices | ||
| Transactions on Combinatorics | ||
| مقاله 3، دوره 4، شماره 2، شهریور 2015، صفحه 23-35 اصل مقاله (270.73 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Paper | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22108/toc.2015.6237 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| R. B. Bapat1؛ Sivaramakrishnan Sivasubramanian* 2 | ||
| 1Stat-Math Unit, ISI Delhi | ||
| 2Dept of Mathematics, IIT Bombay | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Let $A = (a_{i,j})_{1 \leq i,j \leq n}$ be an $n \times n$ matrix where $n \geq 2$. Let $\det 2(A)$, its second immanant be the immanant corresponding to the partition $\lambda_2 = 2,1^{n-2}$. Let $G$ be a connected graph with blocks $B_1, B_2,\ldots, B_p$ and with $q$-exponential distance matrix $ED_G$. We give an explicit formula for $\det 2(ED_G)$ which shows that $\det 2(ED_G)$ is independent of the manner in which $G$'s blocks are connected. Our result is similar in form to the result of Graham, Hoffman and Hosoya and in spirit to that of Bapat, Lal and Pati who show that $\det ED_T$ where $T$ is a tree is independent of the structure of $T$ and only dependent on its number of vertices. Our result extends more generally to a product distance matrix associated to a connected graph $G$. Similar results are shown for the $q$-analogue of $T$'s laplacian and a suitably defined matrix for arbitrary connected graphs. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| Immanant؛ distance matrix؛ laplacian | ||
| مراجع | ||
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[1] R. B. Bapat, A. K. Lal and S. Pati, A q-analogue of the distance matrix of a tree, Linear Algebra Appl., 416 (2006) 799–814. [2] R. B. Bapat and S. Sivasubramanian, Product Distance Matrix of a Graph and Squared Distance Matrix of a Tree, Appl. Anal. Discrete Math., 7 (2013) 285–301. [3] R. B. Bapat and S. Sivasubramanian, Product distance matrix of a tree with matrix weights, Linear Algebra Appl., 468 (2015) 145-153. [4] R. L. Graham, A. J. Hoffman and H. Hosoya, On the distance matrix of a directed graph, J. Graph Theory, 1 (1977) 85–88. [5] R. L. Graham and H. O. Pollak, On the addressing problem for loop switching, Bell System Tech. J., 50 (1971) 2495–2519. [6] R. Grone and R. Merris, An Algorithm for the Second Immanant, Maths. Comp., 43 no. 168 (1984) 589–591. [7] D. E. Littlewood, The theory of group characters and matrix representations of groups, Reprint of the second (1950) edition, Providence, RI, 2006. [8] R. Merris, The second immanantal polynomial and the centroid of a graph, SIAM J. Algebraic Discrete Methods, 7 (1986) 484–503. [9] R. Merris and W. Watkins, Inequalities and identities for generalized matrix functions, Linear Algebra Appl., 64 (1985) 223–242. [10] B. E. Sagan, The Symmetric Group: Representations, Combinatorial Algorithms, and Symmetric Functions, Second edition. Graduate Texts in Mathematics, 203, Springer-Verlag, New York, 2001. [11] I. Schur,Über endliche Gruppen und Hermitesche Formen, Math. Z., 1 (1918) 184–207. [12] S. Sivasubramanian, A q-analogue of Graham, Hoffman and Hosoyas theorem, Electron. J. Combin., 17 (2010) pp. 9. [13] R. P. Stanley, Enumerative Combinatorics, 2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1999. [14] J. R. Stembridge, Some Conjectures For Immanants, Canad. J. Math., 44 (1992) 1079–1099. [15] D. B. West, Introduction to Graph Theory, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1996. | ||
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