پالینواستراتیگرافی رسوبات پالئوزوئیک پیشین در جنوب ناحیه فاضل آباد (خولین دره)، جنوب شرق گرگان

1- شهرابی، م.، 1356، نقشه زمین شناسی 1:250000 گرگان. سازمان نقشه برداری کشور.
2- قویدل سیوکی، م.، 1369، مطالعه آکریتارش ها و کیتینوزواهای سازندهای میلا، ایلبک، زردکوه و فراقون در ناحیه زردکوه و انطباق آنها با سکانس پالئوزوئیک ناحیه چالی شه و چاه دارنگ. مجموعه مقالات سمپوزیوم دیاپیرسم با نگرشی ویژه به ایران، جلد اول، صفحات 141 تا 218.
3- قویدل سیوکی، م.، 1373، مطالعه پالینولوژیکی رسوبات اردویسین و سازند فراقون در کوه سورمه و تعیین ارتباط سن آنها بر مبنای میکروفسیلها. فصلنامه علمی علوم زمین، شماره 12، صفحات 28 تا 35.
4- قویدل سیوکی، م.، 1374، اولین گزارش پالینولوژی رسوبات اردویسین البرز مرکزی، ناحیه حسنکدر. مجله علوم دانشگاه تهران، جلد 21، شمارۀ 1، صفحات 10 تا 23.
5- قویدل سیوکی، م.، 1384، پژوهشهای پالینولوژی در واحدهای سنگ چینه ای پالئوزوئیک حوضه های رسوبی زاگرس، البرز و ایران مرکزی، انتشارات شرکت ملی نفت ایران.
6- قویدل سیوکی، م. و م. ا.، خسروی، 1374، مطالعه رسوبات پالئوزوئیک زیرین در تنگ زاکین-کوه فراقون و معرفی سازندهای سیاهو و سرچاهان در حوضه زاگرس. فصلنامه علمی علوم زمین، شماره 14، صفحات 2 تا 21.
7- Burmann, G., 1970, Weitere organische Mikrofossilien aus dem unteren Ordovizium. Paläontologische Abhandlangen, Abt. B, v. 3, no. 3-4, p. 289-332, pl. 2-19.
8- Combaz, A., 1967, Un microbios du Trémadocien dans un sondage ďHassi-Messaoud. Actes de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux, v. 104, no. 29, p. 1-26, pl. 1-4.
9- Combaz, A. and G., Peniguel, 1972, Étude palynostratigraphique de ľOrdovicien danse sondages du Bassin de Canning (Australie Occidentale). Société nationale des pétroles ďAquitqine, Centre de recherché de Pau, Bulletin, v. 6, no. 1, p. 121-167, pl. 1-4.
10- Cramer, F. H., 1964, Microplankton from three Palaeozoic formations in the province of León, NW–Spain: Leidse Geologische Mededelingen, v. 30, p. 253-361.
11- Cramer, F. H., 1971, Distribution of selected Silurian acritarchs. An account of the palynostratigraphy and paleogeography of selected Silurian acritarchs: Revista Española de Micropaleontologia, numero extraordinario, v. 1, 203 p. (imprinted 1970, issude 1971 according to Loeblich and Tappan, 1976, p. 302).
12- Deflandre, G., 1946, Fichier micropaléontologique série 8. Hystrichoshaeridés III. Espéces du Primaire. Archives originales, Centre de documentation; Centre national de la recherché scientifique, France, no. 257, p. I-V, fiches 1096-1185.
13- Deunff, J., 1951, Sur la présence de Microorganismes (Hystrichosphéres) dans les schistes ordoviciens du Finistére. Comptes rendus des séances de ľAcadémie des sciences, v. 233, no. 4, p. 321-323.
14- Deunff, J., 1954, Veryhachium, genre nouveau ďHystrichosphéres du Primaire. Compte rendu Sommaire des séances de la Societe géologique de France, no. 13, p. 305-308.
15- Deunff, J., 1955, Un microplancton fossile Dévonien à Hystrichosphères du Continent Nord-Américain. Bulletin du microscopie appliquée, sér. 2, v. 5, nos. 11-12, p. 138-149, pl. 1-4.
16- Deunff, J., 1959, Microorganismes planctoniques du primaire Armoricain. I. Ordovicien du Veryhachium (presqu’ile de Crozone). Bulletin de la Société géologique et mineralogique de Bretange, nouvelle sér., no. 2, p. 1-41, pl. 1-11. (Cover date 1958, issue date 1959; fide Loeblich and Tappan, 1976, p306)
17- Deunff, J., 1961. Un microplancton à Hystrichosphères dans le Tremadoc du Sahara. Revue de micropalèontologie, v. 4, no. 1, p. 37-52, pl. 1-3.
18- Deunff, J., 1977, Un microplancton à Acritarches dans les schistes llanvirniens de ľAnti-Atlas (Zagora-Maroc). Notes, Service géologoque du Maroc, v. 38, no. 268, p. 141-151, pl. 1-2.
19- Downie, C., 1958, An assemblage of microplancton rom the Shineton Shale (Tremadocian). Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, v. 31, no. 12, p. 331-349, pl. 16-17.
20- Downie, C., 1959, Hystrichospheres from the Silurian Wenlock Shale of England. Palaeontology, v. 2, no. 1, p. 56-71, pl. 10-12.
21- Downie, C., 1963, Hystrichospheres (acritarchs) and spores of the Wenlock Shales (Silurian) of Wenlock, England. Palaeontology, v. 6, no. 4, p. 625-652, pl. 91-92.
22- Eisenack, A., 1938, Hystrichosphaerideen und verwandten Formen im baltischen Silur. Zeitschrift für Geschiebeforschung und Flachlandsgeologie, v. 14, no. 1, p. 1-30, pl. 1-4.
23- Eisenack, A., Cramer, F. H. and Díez, M. d. C. R., 1976. Katalog der fossilen Dinoflagellaten, Hystrichosphaeren. Band III Acritarcha 2. Teil 863 pp, E. Schweizerbartsche, Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart.
24- Eisenack, A., Cramer, F. H. and M. d. C. R., Díez, 1979, Katalog der Fossilen Dinoflagelellaten, Hystrichosfaeren un verwandten mikrofossilien. Band VI acritarcha 3. Teil 533 p. E. Schweizerbartsche, Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart.
25- Fensome, R.A., Williams, G.L., Barss, M. S.; Freeman, J. M.; and J. M., Hill, 1990, Acritarchs and fossil prasinophytes: an index to genera, species, and infraspecific taxa: American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Contributions Series 25, 771p.
26- Górka, H., 1987, Acritarches et Prasinophyceae de ľOrdovicien moyen (Viruen) de Sondage de Smedsby Gård no.1 (Gotland, Suède). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, v. 52, p. 257-297, pl. 1-11.
27- Jacobson, S. R., 1978, Acritarchs from the Upper Ordovician Clays Ferry Formation, Kentucky, U.S.A.. Palinologi, numero extraordinario 1, p. 293-301, pl. 1.
28- Jardiné, S., A., Combaz, L., Magloire, G., Peniguel, and G., Vachey, 1974, Distribution stratigraphique des acritarches dans le Paléozoïque du Sahara algerien. Review of Palaeobotany and Palinology, v.18, p.99-129.
29- Kjellström, G., 1971, Middle Ordovician microplanktonn from the Grötlingbo, Borehole no.1 in Gotland, Sweden. Sver. geol., Unders., Ser. C, no. 669, v. 65, no. 15, p. 1-35.
30- Konzalová-Mazancová, M., 1969, Acritarcha Evitt,1963, aus demUnter -Ashgillian Böhmens. Palaeontographica Abt. B., v. 125, no- 1-3, p. 81-92, pl. 15-16.
31- Lister, T. R., 1970, The acritarchs and chitinizoa from the Wenlock and Ludlow Series of the Ludlow and Millichope areas, Shropshire. Palaeontographical Society Monographs, v. 124 (publication 528), no. 1, p. 1-100, pl. 1-13.
31- Loeblich, A. R., Jr., 1970, Morphology, ultrastracture and distribution of Paleozoic acritarchs: Proceedings of the North American Paleontological Convention, Chicago, 1969, part G, p. 705-788.
32- Loeblich, A. R., Jr. and H., Tappan, 1971, Two new Orthosphaeridium (Acritarcha) from the Middel and Upper Ordovician: Transactions of the American Microscopy Society, v.90, p. 182-188.
33- Loeblich, A. R., Jr. and Tappan, H., 1976. Some new and revised organic-walled phytoplankton microfossil genera. Journal of Paleontology, v. 50, p. 301-308.
34- Loeblich, A. R., Jr. and H., Tappan, 1978,Some middle and late Ordovician microplankton from central North America. Journal of Paleontology, v. 52, p.1233-1287.
35- Martin, F., 1969, Les Acritarches de ľOrdovicien et du Silurien belges. Détermination et valeur stratigraphique. Institut royal des sciences naturelles de Belgique, Mémoire, no. 160, p. 1-175, pl. 1-8. (Cover date 1968, issue date 1969.)
36- Martin, F., 1972, Les Acritarches de ľOrdovicien inférieur de la Montagne Noire (Herault, France). Institut royal des sciences naturelles de Belgique, sciences de la terre, Bulletin, v. 48, no. 10, p. 1-61, pl. 1-11.
37- Martin, F. and Yin Leiming, 1988, Early Ordovician acritarchs from southern Jilin Province, northeast China. Palaeontology, v. 31, part 1, p. 109-127, pl. 13-19.
38- Playford, G., and F., Martin, 1984, Ordovician acritarchs from the Canning Basin, Western Australia. Alcheringa, v. 8, p. 187-223.
39- Playford, G. and R., Wicander, 2006, Organic –walled microphytoplankton of the Sylvan Shale (Richmondian: Upper Ordovician), Arbuckle Mountains, Southern Oklahoma, U.S.A. Oklahoma Geological Survey, Bulletin, p. 116, 148.
40- Rasul, S. M., 1974, The Lower Palaeozoic acritarchs Priscogalea and Cymatiogalea. Palaeontology, v. 17, no. 1, p. 41-63, pl. 3-7.
41- Rasul, S. M., 1976, New spesies of the genus Volcanisphaera (Acritarcha) from the Tremadocian of England. Micropaleontology, v. 22, p. 479-484.
42- Rasul, S. M., 1979, Acritarch zonation of the Tremadoc Series of the Shineton Shales, Wrekin, Shropshire, England. Palynology, v. 3, p. 53-72, pl. 1-3.
43- Salehi-Rad, 1979, Etude Geologique de la region de Gorgan (Alborz Oriental, Iran): Ph. D. Thesis, Universite de Paris Sud, 162p.
44- Sarjeant, W.A.S.; and R. P. W., Stancliffe, 1996, The acritarch genus Polygonium, Vavrdová emends Sarjeant and Stancliffe 1994: a reassessment of its constituent species. Annales de la Société géologique de Belgique, v.117, p. 355-369.
45- Staplin, F. L.; Jansonius, Jan; and S. A. J., Pocock, 1965, Evaluation of some acritachous hystrichosphere genera: Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologieund Palaontologie, Abhandlungen, v. 123, p. 167-201.
46- Stockmans, F. and Y., Williére, 1960, Hystrichosphéres du Dévonien belge (Sondage de ľAsile ďaliénés á Tournai). Senckenbergiana. Lethaea, v. 41, no. 1-6, p. 1-11, pl. 1-2.
47- Stockmans, F. and Y., Williére, 1963, Les Hystrichosphéres ou mieux Acritarches du Silurien Belge. Sondage de la Brasserie Lust à Courtrai (Kortrijk). Bulletin de la Société belge du géologie, de paléontologie et ďhydrologie, v. 71, no. 3, p. 450-481, pl. 1-3.
48- Tappan, H., and A. R., Jr. Loeblich, 1971, Surface sculpture of the wall in lower Paleozoic acritarches. Micropaleontology, v.17, p. 385-410.
49- Tongiorgi, M., Yin Lei-ming & A., Di Milia, 1995, Arenigian acritarch from the Daping section (Yangtze Gorges area, Hubei Province, Southern China) and their palaeogeographic signiicance. Rev. palaeobot., v. 86, p. 13-48, 4 pls., Amsterdam.
50- Turner, R.E., 1984, Acritarchs from the type area of the Ordovician Caradocian Series, Shropshire, England. Palaeontographica, Abt. B, v. 190, 4-6, p. 87-157.
51- Vavrdová, M, 1966, Palaeozoic microplankton from central Bohemia: Časopis pro Mineralogii Geologii, v.11, p. 409-414.
52- Wicander, R., Playford, G., and E. B., Robertson, 1999, Stratigraphic and paleogeographic significance of an Upper Ordovician acritarch flora from the Maquoketa Shale, northeastern Missouri, U.S.A.: Supplement to Journal of Paleontology, v. 73, no. 6, Memoirs of the Paleontological Society, no. 51, 38p.
53- Yin Leiming, Y., 1995, Early Ordovician acritarchs from Hunjiang region, Hubei, China.Palaeont.sinica, 185, ser. A (12), 107-170, 36pls. Beijing.

Explanation of Plates
All magnification × 1000 (Scale bar = 20µm)

 

Plate I
Fig. 1: Saharidia downiei Combaz, 1967.
Fig. 2: Dactylofusa squama (Deunff, 1961) Combaz, 1967.
Fig. 3: Micrhystridium shinetonense Downie, 1958.
Fig. 4: Athabascaella penika Martin & Yin Leiming, 1988.
Figs. 5, 6: Vulcanisphaera africana Deunff, 1961.
Fig. 7: Cymatiogalea bouvardii Martin, 1972.
Fig. 8: Cymatiogalea membranispina Deunff, 1961.

 

 

 

Plate II
Fig. 1: Saharidia downiei Combaz, 1967.
Fig. 2: Polygonium gracile Vavrdová, 1966 emend. Sarjeant & Stancliffe, 1996.
Figs. 3, 4: Acanthodiacrodium raia (Deunff, 1961) Eisenack, Cramer & Díez, 1979.
Fig. 5: Vulcanisphaera britannica Rasul, 1976.
Figs. 6, 7, 8: Acanthodiacrodium ubui Martin, 1968.
Fig. 9: Micrhystridium shinetonense Downie, 1958.
Fig. 10: Cymatiogalea cylindrata Rasul, 1974.
Fig. 11: Athabascaella penika Martin & Yin Leiming, 1988.

 

 

Plate III
Fig. 1: Polygonium gracile Vavrdová, 1966 emend. Sarjeant, & Stancliffe, 1996.
Fig. 2: Peteinosphaeridium accinctulum Wicander, Playford, & Robertson, 1999.
Fig. 3: Orthosphaeridium rectangulare Loeblich, 1970.
Fig. 4: Multiplicisphaeridium irregulare Staplin, Jansonius, & Pocock, 1965.
Fig. 5: Orthosphaeridium insculptum Loeblich, 1970.
Fig. 6: Multiplicisphaeridium bifurcatum Staplin, Jansonius, & Pocock, 1965.

 

 

Plate IV
Fig. 1: Navifusa ancepsipuncta Loeblich, 1970.
Fig. 2: Dactylofusa striata Staplin, Jansonius, & Pocock, 1965) Fensome, Williams, Barss, Freeman, & Hill, 1990.
Fig. 3: Dactylofusa spinata Staplin, Jansonius & Pocock,1965.
Fig. 4: Veryhachium oklahomense Loeblich, 1970.
Fig. 5: Tunisphaeridium eisenackii Loeblich & Tappan, 1978.
Fig. 6: Frankea hamulata Burmann, 1970.
Fig. 7: Lophosphaeridium sp.
Fig. 8: Multiplicisphaeridium irregulare Staplin, Jansonius, & Pocock, 1965.
Fig. 9: Multiplicisphaeridium raspa (Cramer, 1964) Eisenack, Cramer, & Díez, 1973.

 

Plate V
Fig. 1: Veryhachium trispinosum (Eisenack, 1938) Deunff, 1954.
Fig. 2: Baltisphaeridium perclarum Loeblich & Tappan, 1978.
Fig. 3: Multiplicisphaeridium bifurcatum Staplin, Jansonius, & Pocock, 1965.
Fig. 4: Gorgonisphaeridium antiquum Loeblich & Tappan, 1978.

 

Plate VI
Fig. 1: Orthosphaeridium insculptum Loeblich, 1970.
Fig. 2: Ordovicidium elegantulum Tappan and Loeblich, 1971.
Fig. 3: Dactylofusa cabottii (Cramer, 1971) Fensome, Williams, Barss, Freeman, & Hill, 1990.
Fig. 4: Dactylofusa spinata Staplin, Jansonius, Pocock,1965.
Fig. 5: Actinotodissus crassus Loeblich & Tappan, 1978.
Fig. 6: Veryhachium europaeum Stockmans &Willière, 1960.
Fig. 7: Veryhachium subglobosum Jardiné, Combaz, Magloire, Peniguel & Vachey, 1974.
Fig. 8: Villosacapsula setosapellicula (Loeblich, 1970) Loeblich & Tappan, 1976.

 

 

Plate VII
Fig. 1: Veryhachium triangulatum Konzalová-Mazanková, 1969.
Fig. 2: Veryhachium trispinosum (Eisenack, 1938) Deunff, 1954.
Fig. 3: Leiofusa fusiformis (Eisenack) Eisenack, 1938.
Fig. 4: Orthosphaeridium insculptum Loeblich, 1970.
Fig. 5: Picostella turgida Yin, Di Milia & Tongiorgi, 1998.

 

 

 

Plate VIII
Fig. 1: Evittia sp.
Figs. 2, 3: Veryhachium trispinosum (Eisenack, 1938) Deunff, 1954.
Fig. 4: Multiplicisphaeridium irregulare Staplin, Jansonius, & Pocock, 1965.
Fig. 5, 6: Dactylofusa spinata Staplin, Jansonius & Pocock, 1965.
Fig. 7: Veryhachium sp.A.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Plate IX
Fig. 1: Evittia remota (Deunff, 1955) Lister, 1970.
Fig. 2: Baltisphaeridium oligopsakium Loeblich & Tappan, 1978.
Fig. 3, 4: Ordovicidium heteromorphicum (Kjellström, 1971) Loeblich & Tappan, 1978.
Fig. 5: Peteinosphaeridium accinctulum Wicander, Playford, & Robertson, 1999.
Fig. 6: Saharidia downiei Combaz, 1967 (rework).

 

 

Plate X
Fig. 1: Petaloferidium stigii Jacobson, 1978.
Fig. 2: Multiplicisphaeridium bifurcatum Staplin, Jansonius, & Pocock, 1965.
Fig. 3: Multiplicisphaeridium irregulare Staplin, Jansonius, & Pocock, 1965.
Fig. 4: Villosacapsula setosapellicula (Loeblich, 1970) Loeblich & Tappan, 1976.
Fig. 5: Leiosphaeridia sp.
Fig. 6: Lophosphaeridium varum Wicander, Playford & Robertson, 1999.
Fig. 7: Veryhachium lairdii (Deflandre, 1946) Deunff, 1959, ex Downie, 1959.
Fig. 8: Gorgonisphaeridium frequens Górka, 1987(rework).
Fig. 9: Evittia sp.
Fig. 10: Veryhachium trispinosum (Eisenack, 1938) Deunff, 1954.
Fig. 11, 12: Tetrahedraletes sp.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Plate XI
Fig. 1: Baltisphaeridium llanvirnianum Deunff, 1977 (rework).
Fig. 2: Baltisphaeridium oligopsakium Loeblich & Tappan, 1978.
Fig. 3: Orthosphaeridium ternatum (Burmann, 1970) Eisenack, Cramer & Diez, 1976(rework).
Fig. 4: Rhopaliophora palmata (Combaz & Peniguel, 1972) emend. Playford & Martin, 1984(rework).
Fig. 5: Gorgonisphaeridium frequens Górka, 1987(rework).
Fig. 6: Vulcanisphaera africana Deunff, 1961(rework).

 

 

 

Plate XII
Fig. 1: Ordovicidium heteromorphicum (Kjellström, 1971) Loeblich & Tappan, 1978.
Fig. 2, 8: Actinotodissus crassus Loeblich & Tappan, 1978.
Fig. 3: Picostella turgida Yin, Di Milia & Tongiorgi, 1998.
Fig. 4: Veryhachium oklahomense Loeblich, 1970.
Fig. 5, 6: Gorgonisphaeridium antiquum Loeblich & Tappan, 1978.
Fig. 7: Baltisphaeridium perclarum Loeblich & Tappan, 1978.
Fig. 9: Petaloferidium stigii Jacobson, 1978.

 

 

Plate XIII
Fig. 1: Veryhachium reductum (Deunff, 1958) de Jekhowsky,1961.
Fig. 2: Veryhachium sp.A.
Fig. 3: Villosacapsula setosapellicula (Loeblich, 1970) Loeblich & Tappan, 1976.
Fig. 4: Veryhachium lairdii (Deflandre, 1946) Deunff, 1959, ex Downie, 1959.
Fig. 5: Orthosphaeridium bispinosum Turner, 1984.

 

 

Plate XIV
Fig. 1: Anomaloplaisium sp.
Fig. 2: Dactylofusa striata (Staplin, Jansonius, & Pocock, 1965) Fensome, Williams, Barss, Freeman, & Hill, 1990.
Fig. 3, 4: Veryhachium trisulcum (Deunff, 1951) Deunff, 1959.
Fig. 5, 6: Pirea ornata (Burmann) Eisenack et al., 1976.